Do Service Animals Have To Be On Leash

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Service Animals and Emotional Support Animals

Where are they allowed and nether what weather?

 Jacquie Brennan
Vinh Nguyen (Ed.)
Southwest ADA Heart
A programme of ILRU at TIRR Memorial Hermann

Foreword

This manual is defended to the memory of Pax, a devoted guide dog, and to all the handler and domestic dog teams working together beyond the nation. Guide dogs make it possible for their handlers to travel safely with independence, liberty and nobility.

Pax guided his handler faithfully for over ten years. Together they negotiated endless busy intersections and safely traveled the streets of many cities, large and small. His skillful guiding kept his handler from injury on more than ane occasion. He accompanied his handler to business meetings, restaurants, theaters, and social functions where he conducted himself as would any highly-trained guide dog. Pax was a seasoned traveler and was the first domestic dog to fly in the cabin of a domestic shipping to United kingdom of great britain and northern ireland, a state that had previously barred service animals without extended quarantine.

Pax was built-in in the kennels of The Seeing Eye in the beautiful Washington Valley of New Jersey in March 2000. He lived with a puppy-raiser family for almost a twelvemonth where he learned bones obedience and was exposed to the sights and sounds of community life—the same experiences he would soon face as a guide dog. He so went through four months of intensive training where he learned how to guide and ensure the safety of the person with whom he would be matched. In November 2001 he was matched with his handler and they worked as a team until Pax'south retirement in Jan 2012, after a long and successful career. Pax retired with his handler'southward family, where he lived with 2 other dogs. His life was full of play, long naps, and recreational walks until his death in Jan 2014.

It is the sincere hope of Pax'due south handler that this guide will be useful in improving the understanding virtually service animals, their purpose and role, their all-encompassing grooming, and the rights of their handlers to travel freely and to experience the same access to employment, public accommodations, transportation, and services that others take for granted.

I.  Introduction

Individuals with disabilities may use service animals and emotional support animals for a multifariousness of reasons. This guide provides an overview of how major Federal civil rights laws govern the rights of a person requiring a service animal. These laws, as well as instructions on how to file a complaint, are listed in the last section of this publication. Many states also have laws that provide a different definition of service animal. You should bank check your state's law and follow the law that offers the most protection for service animals.  The document discusses service animals in a number of unlike settings as the rules and allowances related to admission with service animals will vary co-ordinate to the police applied and the setting.

II. Service Animal Defined by Title 2 and Title 3 of the ADA

A service animal means any dog that is individually trained to do work or perform tasks for the benefit of an individual with a disability, including a physical, sensory, psychiatric, intellectual, or other mental disability. Tasks performed tin include, among other things, pulling a wheelchair, retrieving dropped items, alerting a person to a sound, reminding a person to have medication, or pressing an lift button.

Emotional support animals, condolement animals, and therapy dogs are not service animals under Title II and Title III of the ADA. Other species of animals, whether wild or domestic, trained or untrained, are non considered service animals either. The piece of work or tasks performed by a service creature must be directly related to the individual'due south disability. Information technology does not affair if a person has a note from a doctor that states that the person has a disability and needs to accept the animal for emotional back up. A doctor's letter does non turn an animal into a service creature.

Examples of animals that fit the ADA'southward definition of "service brute" considering they take been specifically trained to perform a task for the person with a disability:

· Guide Canis familiaris or Seeing Middle® Canis familiaris¹ is a carefully trained canis familiaris that serves as a travel tool for persons who have severe visual impairments or are blind.

· Hearing or Signal Dog is a dog that has been trained to alarm a person who has a significant hearing loss or is deafened when a audio occurs, such as a knock on the door.

· Psychiatric Service Dog is a dog that has been trained to perform tasks that aid individuals with disabilities to detect the onset of psychiatric episodes and lessen their effects. Tasks performed by psychiatric service animals may include reminding the handler to take medicine, providing safety checks or room searches, or turning on lights for persons with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, interrupting cocky-mutilation by persons with dissociative identity disorders, and keeping disoriented individuals from danger.

· SSigDOG (sensory indicate dogs or social signal canis familiaris) is a dog trained to assistance a person with autism. The dog alerts the handler to distracting repetitive movements mutual among those with autism, allowing the person to stop the movement (east.g., manus flapping).

· Seizure Response Canis familiaris is a dog trained to assist a person with a seizure disorder. How the canis familiaris serves the person depends on the person'due south needs. The dog may stand baby-sit over the person during a seizure or the canis familiaris may become for help. A few dogs take learned to predict a seizure and warn the person in advance to sit or motion to a safe place.

Nether Title 2 and Iii of the ADA, service animals are limited to dogs. However, entities must make reasonable modifications in policies to let individuals with disabilities to use miniature horses if they have been individually trained to practice work or perform tasks for individuals with disabilities.

3. Other Support or Therapy Animals

While Emotional Support Animals or Condolement Animals are frequently used as part of a medical treatment programme equally therapy animals, they are not considered service animals nether the ADA. These support animals provide companionship, relieve loneliness, and sometimes help with depression, anxiety, and sure phobias, but exercise not accept special grooming to perform tasks that help people with disabilities. Even though some states have laws defining therapy animals, these animals are not limited to working with people with disabilities and therefore are not covered by federal laws protecting the utilise of service animals.  Therapy animals provide people with therapeutic contact, usually in a clinical setting, to improve their physical, social, emotional, and/or cognitive functioning.

IV. Handler's Responsibilities

The handler is responsible for the care and supervision of his or her service animal. If a service animal behaves in an unacceptable way and the person with a disability does not control the animal, a business organization or other entity does not have to allow the animal onto its premises. Uncontrolled barking, jumping on other people, or running abroad from the handler are examples of unacceptable behavior for a service animal. A business has the right to deny access to a dog that disrupts their business. For example, a service dog that barks repeatedly and disrupts another patron'south enjoyment of a movie could be asked to exit the theater. Businesses, public programs, and transportation providers may exclude a service animal when the animal'south beliefs poses a direct threat to the wellness or safety of others. If a service brute is growling at other shoppers at a grocery store, the handler may exist asked to remove the brute.

· The ADA requires the animal to be under the command of the handler.  This can occur using a harness, leash, or other tether.  However, in cases where either the handler is unable to concord a tether because of a disability or its employ would interfere with the service beast's condom, effective performance of work or tasks, the service animal must exist nether the handler'south control by some other ways, such as vox control.²

· The beast must be housebroken.³

· The ADA does not crave covered entities to provide for the care or supervision of a service animate being, including cleaning up later on the animal.

· The beast should exist vaccinated in accord with state and local laws.

· An entity may also assess the blazon, size, and weight of a miniature equus caballus in determining whether or not the horse volition exist allowed access to the facility.

V. Handler's Rights

a) Public Facilities and Accommodations

Titles II and Iii of the ADA makes information technology clear that service animals are allowed in public facilities and accommodations. A service animal must exist allowed to accompany the handler to any place in the edifice or facility where members of the public, program participants, customers, or clients are allowed. Fifty-fifty if the business or public plan has a "no pets" policy, information technology may not deny entry to a person with a service fauna. Service animals are not pets. So, although a "no pets" policy is perfectly legal, it does not allow a business to exclude service animals.

When a person with a service animal enters a public facility or place of public accommodation, the person cannot exist asked near the nature or extent of his inability. Just two questions may be asked:

1. Is the creature required considering of a disability?

ii. What work or job has the creature been trained to perform?

These questions should not be asked, however, if the animal's service tasks are obvious. For example, the questions may not exist asked if the dog is observed guiding an individual who is blind or has low vision, pulling a person's wheelchair, or providing assistance with stability or balance to an individual with an observable mobility inability.⁴

A public accommodation or facility is not allowed to ask for documentation or proof that the animal has been certified, trained, or licensed equally a service animal. Local laws that prohibit specific breeds of dogs exercise not utilize to service animals.^five

A place of public adaptation or public entity may not inquire an individual with a disability to pay a surcharge, fifty-fifty if people accompanied by pets are required to pay fees. Entities cannot require anything of people with service animals that they do not require of individuals in general, with or without pets. If a public accommodation normally charges individuals for the damage they cause, an individual with a disability may be charged for damage caused by his or her service animal.^{half dozen}

b) Employment

Laws prohibit employment discrimination because of a disability. Employers are required to provide reasonable accommodation. Assuasive an individual with a disability to have a service brute or an emotional support animal accompany them to work may be considered an accommodation. The Equal Employment Opportunity Committee (EEOC), which enforces the employment provisions of the ADA (Championship I), does not accept a specific regulation on service animals.⁷ In the instance of a service animal or an emotional support fauna, if the disability is not obvious and/or the reason the beast is needed is not clear, an employer may asking documentation to establish the existence of a disability and how the animate being helps the individual perform his or her job.

Documentation might include a detailed clarification of how the animal would assistance the employee in performing chore tasks and how the animal is trained to conduct in the workplace.  A person seeking such an accommodation may advise that the employer allow the brute to accompany them to work on a trial basis.

Both service and emotional support animals may be excluded from the workplace if they pose either an undue hardship or a directly threat in the workplace.

c) Housing

The Fair Housing Act (FHA) protects a person with a disability from bigotry in obtaining housing. Nether this law, a landlord or homeowner'south association must provide reasonable accommodation to people with disabilities so that they have an equal opportunity to enjoy and use a dwelling.^eight Emotional support animals that exercise not qualify as service animals under the ADA may yet qualify as reasonable accommodations nether the FHA.⁹ In cases when a person with a disability uses a service animal or an emotional support animal, a reasonable accommodation may include waiving a no-pet dominion or a pet deposit.^x This animal is non considered a pet.

A landlord or homeowner'southward association may not inquire a housing bidder about the beingness, nature, and extent of his or her disability. Withal, an individual with a disability who requests a reasonable accommodation may be asked to provide documentation so that the landlord or homeowner's clan tin can properly review the accommodation request.¹¹ They can enquire a person to certify, in writing, (1) that the tenant or a fellow member of his or her family is a person with a disability; (two) the need for the animal to aid the person with that specific disability; and (3) that the animal actually assists the person with a disability.  It is of import to go on in mind that the ADA may apply in the housing context as well, for case with student housing. Where the ADA applies, requiring documentation or certification would non be permitted with regard to an beast that qualifies equally a "service creature."

d) Education

Service animals in public schools (K-12) ¹³ – The ADA permits a student with a disability who uses a service animal to have the animal at school.  In addition, the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (Idea) and Department 504 of the Rehabilitation Human action allow a student to use an animal that does not meet the ADA definition of a service animal if that educatee's Private Education Plan (IEP) or Section 504 team decides the fauna is necessary for the student to receive a free and advisable educational activity.  Where the ADA applies, however, schools should be mindful that the use of a service creature is a right that is not dependent upon the decision of an IEP or Section 504 team.¹⁴

Emotional back up animals, therapy animals, and companion animals are seldom allowed to accompany students in public schools. Indeed, the ADA does not contemplate the use of animals other than those meeting the definition of "service animal."  Ultimately, the conclusion whether a student may utilize an animal other than a service fauna should exist made on a case-past-example ground by the IEP or Section 504 squad.

Service animals in postsecondary teaching settings – Under the ADA, colleges and universities must allow people with disabilities to bring their service animals into all areas of the facility that are open up to the public or to students.

Colleges and universities may accept a policy request students who use service animals to contact the school's Disability Services Coordinator to register as a student with a inability. Higher education institutions may not require any documentation about the training or certification of a service animal. They may, however, require proof that a service animal has any vaccinations required past state or local laws that apply to all animals.

due east) Transportation

A person traveling with a service animal cannot be denied admission to transportation, even if at that place is a "no pets" policy. In addition, the person with a service animal cannot exist forced to sit in a particular spot; no additional fees tin be charged considering the person uses a service animal; and the client does non have to provide advance notice that southward/he will exist traveling with a service brute.

The laws apply to both public and individual transportation providers and include subways, fixed-route buses, Paratransit, rail, light-rail, taxicabs, shuttles and limousine services.

f) Air Travel

At the cease of 2020, the U.Southward. Department of Transportation (DOT) appear that it revised its Air Carrier Admission Act regulation on the transportation of service animals by air. We are working to update the data provided below to align with the changes. While we take the time to update our information, check out a summary of the changes available on DOT'due south website. Yous can also find some additional information in DOT'south Aviation Consumer Protection's commodity about service animals.

The Air Carrier Access Act (ACAA) requires airlines to let service animals and emotional support animals to accompany their handlers in the cabin of the aircraft.

Service animals – For evidence that an animal is a service fauna, air carriers may ask to see identification cards, written documentation, presence of harnesses or tags, or ask for verbal assurances from the individual with a disability using the creature. If airline personnel are uncertain that an animal is a service animal, they may ask ane of the post-obit:

1. What tasks or functions does your animal perform for you?

ii. What has your animate being been trained to do for yous?

iii. Would you lot depict how the animal performs this job for y'all? ¹⁵

Emotional back up and psychiatric service animals – Individuals who travel with emotional support animals or psychiatric service animals may demand to provide specific documentation to establish that they accept a inability and the reason the animal must travel with them. Individuals who wish to travel with their emotional support or psychiatric animals should contact the airline ahead of fourth dimension to find out what kind of documentation is required.

Examples of documentation that may be requested by the airline: Current documentation (non more than one year old) on letterhead from a licensed mental health professional stating (1) the passenger has a mental health-related disability listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM Four); (2) having the animal back-trail the rider is necessary to the passenger's mental health or handling; (3) the individual providing the assessment of the passenger is a licensed mental health professional and the passenger is under his or her professional care; and (four) the date and type of the mental health professional'south license and the country or other jurisdiction in which it was issued.^sixteen This documentation may be required every bit a condition of permitting the beast to accompany the passenger in the motel.

Other animals – Co-ordinate to the ACAA, airlines are non required otherwise to carry animals of any kind either in the cabin or in the cargo hold. Airlines are free to adopt whatever policy they choose regarding the carriage of pets and other animals (for case, search and rescue dogs) provided that they comply with other applicable requirements (for example, the Animal Welfare Act).

Animals such as miniature horses, pigs, and monkeys may be considered service animals. A carrier must decide on a example-by-case basis according to factors such every bit the creature's size and weight; land and foreign country restrictions; whether or not the animal would pose a direct threat to the health or safety of others; or cause a fundamental alteration in the cabin service.¹⁷ Individuals should contact the airlines ahead of travel to observe out what is permitted.

Airlines are not required to send unusual animals such as snakes, other reptiles, ferrets, rodents, and spiders. Foreign carriers are not required to send animals other than dogs.^xviii

6. Reaction/Response of Others

Allergies and fear of dogs are non valid reasons for denying access or refusing service to people using service animals.  If employees, fellow travelers, or customers are afraid of service animals, a solution may exist to allow enough space for that person to avoid getting close to the service animal.

Most allergies to animals are caused by direct contact with the animal. A separated infinite might be acceptable to avoid allergic reactions.

If a person is at risk of a significant allergic reaction to an animal, information technology is the responsibility of the concern or government entity to detect a way to accommodate both the individual using the service fauna and the individual with the allergy.

Vii. Service Animals in Training

a) Air Travel

The Air Carrier Access Human activity (ACAA) does non allow "service animals in training" in the cabin of the shipping considering "in preparation" status indicates that they exercise not all the same meet the legal definition of service animal. However, like pet policies, airline policies regarding service animals in preparation vary. Some airlines permit qualified trainers to bring service animals in training aboard an aircraft for training purposes. Trainers of service animals should consult with airlines and get familiar with their policies.

 b) Employment

In the employment setting, employers may exist obligated to permit employees to bring their "service animal in training" into the workplace as a reasonable adaptation, especially if the fauna is beingness trained to assistance the employee with work-related tasks. The untrained animal may be excluded, all the same, if it becomes a workplace disruption or causes an undue hardship in the workplace.

c) Public Facilities and Accommodations

Title II and III of the ADA does not comprehend "service animals in training" only several states take laws when they should be immune access.

VIII. Laws & Enforcement

a) Public Facilities and Accommodations

Title Two of the ADA covers state and local government facilities, activities, and programs. Championship Iii of the ADA covers places of public accommodations. Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act covers federal government facilities, activities, and programs. Information technology likewise covers the entities that receive federal funding.

Title II and Title Three Complaints – These can be filed through private lawsuits in federal court or directed to the U.Southward. Department of Justice.

U.S. Department of Justice
950 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W.
Civil Rights Division
Disability Rights Department – NYA
Washington, DC 20530
http://www.ada.gov
800-514-0301 (v)
800-514-0383 (TTY)

Section 504 Complaints – These must be fabricated to the specific federal bureau that oversees the program or funding.

b) Employment

Title I of the ADA and Section 501 and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act prohibits discrimination in employment. The ADA covers individual employers with xv or more employees; Section 501 applies to federal agencies, and Section 504 applies to any program or entity receiving federal fiscal assistance.

ADA Complaints - A person must file a charge with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) inside 180 days of an alleged violation of the ADA. This deadline may exist extended to 300 days if at that place is a state or local fair employment practices agency that also has jurisdiction over this affair. Complaints may be filed in person, by mail, or past telephone past contacting the nearest EEOC office. This number is listed in nearly telephone directories under "U.Due south. Regime." For more information:

http://world wide web.eeoc.gov/contact/index.cfm
800-669-4000 (voice)
800-669-6820 (TTY)

Section 501 Complaints - Federal employees must contact their bureau's Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) officer inside 45 days of an alleged Section 501 violation.

Section 504 Complaints – These must exist filed with the federal agency that funded the employer.

c) Housing

The Fair Housing Human action (FHA), as amended in 1988, applies to housing. Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability in all housing programs and activities that are either conducted by the federal authorities or receive federal fiscal assistance. Title II of the ADA applies to housing provided past country or local government entities.

Complaints – Housing complaints may be filed with the Section of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) Office of Off-white Housing and Equal Opportunity.

http://www.hud.gov/fairhousing

800-669-9777 (vox)

800-927-9275 (TTY)

d) Education

Students with disabilities in public schools (K-12) are covered by Individuals with Disabilities Education Human activity (IDEA), Championship Ii of the ADA, and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act. Students with disabilities in public postsecondary didactics are covered by Title Two and Section 504.  Title III of the ADA applies to individual schools (Yard-12 and post-secondary) that are non operated by religious entities. Individual schools that receive federal funding are likewise covered by Section 504.

Thought Complaints - Parents can request a due process hearing and a review from the state educational agency if applicable in that country. They also can appeal the state agency'due south decision to state or federal court. You lot may contact the Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services (OSERS) for further information or to provide your own thoughts and ideas on how they may better serve individuals with disabilities, their families and their communities.

For more data contact:

Role of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services

U.S. Section of Education

400 Maryland Artery, S.Due west.

Washington, DC 20202-7100

202-245-7468 (voice)

Championship II of the ADA and Department 504 Complaints - The Office for Civil Rights (OCR) in the Section of Education enforces Title Two of the ADA and Department 504 as they utilize to education. Those who have had access denied due to a service animal may file a complaint with OCR or file a private lawsuit in federal court. An OCR complaint must be filed inside 180 calendar days of the engagement of the alleged bigotry, unless the time for filing is extended for good cause. Earlier filing an OCR complaint against an establishment, an individual may want to find out near the institution's grievance process and use that process to have the complaint resolved. However, an private is not required past law to use the institutional grievance procedure before filing a complaint with OCR. If someone uses an institutional grievance process and then chooses to file the complaint with OCR, the complaint must be filed with OCR within 60 days subsequently the last act of the institutional grievance process.

For more than information contact:

U.S. Department of Education

Office for Civil Rights

400 Maryland Avenue, Southward.W.

Washington, DC 20202-1100

Customer Service: 800-421-3481 (phonation)

800-877-8339 (TTY)

E-post: OCR@ed.gov

http://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/docs/howto.html

Championship 3 Complaints – These may be filed with the Department of Justice.

U.Due south. Section of Justice

950 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W.

Civil Rights Partition

Disability Rights Department – NYA

Washington, DC 20530

http://www.ada.gov/

800-514-0301 (5)

800-514-0383 (TTY)

e) Transportation

Title II of the ADA applies to public transportation while Title III of the ADA applies to transportation provided by private entities. Department 504 of the Rehabilitation Act applies to federal entities and recipients of federal funding that provide transportation.

Championship II and Section 504 Complaints – These may exist filed with the Federal Transit Administration's Office of Ceremonious Rights. For more data, contact:

Director, FTA Function of Ceremonious Rights

East Edifice – 5th Floor, TCR

1200 New Bailiwick of jersey Ave., S.Due east.

Washington, DC 20590
FTA ADA Assistance Line: 888-446-4511 (Voice)
800-877-8339 (Federal Data Relay Service)
http://www.fta.dot.gov/civil_rights.html
http://www.fta.dot.gov/12874_3889.html (Complaint Form)

Title III Complaints – These may be filed with the Department of Justice.

U.S. Section of Justice

950 Pennsylvania Avenue, Due north.West.

Ceremonious Rights Sectionalisation

Inability Rights Section – NYA

Washington, DC 20530

http://www.ada.gov
800-514-0301 (5)

800-514-0383 (TTY)

Annotation: A person does not have to file a complaint with the respective federal bureau before filing a lawsuit in federal court.

f) Air Transportation

The Air Carrier Access Act (ACAA) covers airlines. Its regulations clarify what animals are considered service animals and explicate how each type of animal should be treated.

ACAA complaints may be submitted to the Section of Transportation'due south Aviation Consumer Protection Partition. Air travelers who experience inability-related air travel service problems may phone call the hotline at 800-778-4838 (vox) or 800- 455-9880 (TTY) to obtain assistance. Air travelers who would like the Department of Transportation (DOT) to investigate a complaint about a disability issue must submit their complaint in writing or via due east-post to:

Aviation Consumer Protection Partition
Attn: C-75-D
U.S. Department of Transportation
1200 New Jersey Ave, S.Eastward.
Washington, DC 20590

For additional information and questions about your rights under any of these laws, contact your regional ADA eye at 800-949-4232 (voice/TTY).

Acknowledgements

The contents of this booklet were developed by the Southwest ADA Eye under a grant (#H133A110027) from the Department of Education'southward National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Enquiry (NIDRR). However, those contents do not necessarily stand for the policy of the Section of Education and yous should not assume endorsement past the Federal Government.

Southwest ADA Eye at ILRU
TIRR Memorial Hermann Research Heart
1333 Moursund St.
Houston, Texas 77030
713.520.0232 (vocalization/TTY)
800.949.4232 (vocalisation/TTY)
http://www.southwestada.org

The Southwest ADA Center is a plan of ILRU (Independent Living Research Utilization) at TIRR Memorial Hermann.  The Southwest ADA Heart is office of a national network of 10 regional ADA Centers that provide up-to-date information, referrals, resource, and training on the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). The centers serve a diverseness of audiences, including businesses, employers, government entities, and individuals with disabilities. Call one-800-949-4232 v/tty to accomplish the eye that serves your region or visit http://www.adata.org.

This book is printed courtesy of the ADA National Network. The Southwest ADA Center would similar to thank Jacquie Brennan (author), Ramin Taheri, Richard Piddling, Kathy Gips, Sally Weiss, Wendy Strobel Gower, Erin Marie Sember-Chase, Marian Vessels, and the ADA Cognition Translation Center at the University of Washington for their contributions to this booklet.

© Southwest ADA Eye 2014. All rights reserved

Principal Investigator: Lex Frieden
Projection Director: Vinh Nguyen
Publication staff: Maria DelBosque, Marisa Demaya, and George Powers

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[one] http://www.seeingeye.org

[2] 28 C.F.R. 36.302(c)(four); 28 C.F.,R. § 35.136(d).

[three] 28 C.F.R. 36.302(c)(2); 28 C.F.,R. §35.136(b)(2).

[4] 28 C.F.R. 36.302(c)(half dozen).

[5] See 28 C.F.R. Pt. 35, App. A; Sak v. Aurelia, City of,  C eleven-4111-MWB (Northward.D. Iowa Dec. 28, 2011)

[6] 28 C.F.R. 36.302(c)(8).

[vii] 29 C.F.R. Pt. 1630 App. The EEOC, in the Interpretive Guidance accompanying the regulations, stated that guide dogs may be an accommodation..."For example, it would be a reasonable accommodation for an employer to permit an private who is blind to employ a guide canis familiaris at piece of work, even though the employer would not be required to provide a guide dog for the employee."

[8] 42 United statesC. § 3604(f)(3)(B).

[9] Off-white Housing of the Dakotas, Inc. 5. Goldmark Prop. Mgmt., Inc., three:09-cv-58 (D.North.D. Mar. 30, 2011): "… the FHA encompasses all types of assist animals regardless of grooming, including those that ameliorate a physical inability and those that ameliorate a mental disability."

[10] Meet Bronk five. Ineichen, 54 F.3d 425, 428-429 (7th Cir. 1995); HUD five. Purkett, FH-FL 19372 (HUDALJ July 31, 1990) Greenish five. Housing Authority of Clackamas Canton, 994 F.Supp. 1253 (D. Ore. 1998).

[eleven] Hawn v. Shoreline Towers Phase 1 Condominium Association, Inc., 347 Fed. Appx. 464 (11th Cir. 2009).

[12] Run across "Pet Ownership for the Elderly and Persons with Disabilities", 73 Federal Register 208 (27 Oct 2008), pp. 63834-63838; United States. (2004). Reasonable Accommodations under the Fair Housing Human activity: Articulation Statement of the Section of Housing and Urban Evolution and Section of Justice. Washington, D.C: U.Southward. Section of Housing and Urban Evolution and U.S. Department of Justice [Electronic Version]. Retrieved 03/06/2014 from http://www.justice.gov/crt/nigh/hce/jointstatement_ra.php.

[thirteen] Individual schools that are not operated past religious entities are considered public accommodations. Delight refer to Section V(a).

[xiv] Sullivan v. Vallejo City Unified Sch. Dist., 731 F. Supp. 947 (E.D. Cal. 1990).

[15] "Guidance Concerning Service Animals in Air Transportation", 68 Federal Register 90 (ix May 2003), p. 24875.

[16] fourteen C.F.R. § 382.117(east).

[17] 14 C.F.R. § 382.117(f).

[18] Id.

Source: https://adata.org/guide/service-animals-and-emotional-support-animals

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